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Thoughts & Comments
The Turn in the Financials: If You Wait for Good News, You’ll Wait Too Long
Bottoms happen at times (like now) when everyone’s convinced there’s no hope

Thomas Brown  ( about me )
Posted 08/08/2008
bankstocks.com
tbrown@bankstocks.com

It’s of course my view that the financial stocks have made a bottom; I even have a strong suspicion the very day it occurred: July 15. And as I’ve noted here before, essentially no one else on the planet seems to agree with me. That’s life.  

Rather, the bears insist on seeing some kind of fundamental improvement in the outlook for the sector before they’re willing to invest. So depending on whose checklist you’re reading, non-performing loans need to peak and start to decline. Or net chargeoffs need to begin to come down. Or loss provisions have to fall. Something good needs to be on the horizon.

Sorry, the stock market doesn’t work that way. Remember, the market is a discounting machine: it anticipates key events so early on the vast majority of investors don’t even think those events are possible. In the case of the financials now, that means stock prices will turn higher (and already have, I believe) when most investors believe that things are still getting worse. It happens every cycle. 

So there’s no use trying to concoct your own list of mental milestones. Instead, go back and look at what happened (and in what order) during the last major credit crackup, in 1990-91. If you do, you’ll see that the bears have things all backwards. By the time their wish lists happen, the stocks will be zooming.

Take a look at the chart below. It shows banking industry net chargeoffs and loan loss provisions for the years 1988 through 1993. If you’d bought the stocks back then according to the logic most analysts are using now, you’d have dipped your toe in the water maybe in late 1991, when chargeoffs and provisioning was peaking or, more likely, in early 1992, when it was clear they’d started to fall.

 

And how would you have done? Not too darn well. Look at the chart again, along with the chart of an index of large-bank stocks below it. As you see, by late 1991, the recovery in stocks was already nearly half over, and the stocks had more than doubled. By 1992, they’d tripled. Nice call!

 



Rather, the index bottomed in October 1990, when chargeoffs and provisioning were still going up. At the time, no one thought things would get better anytime soon, (they were right!) the same way no one seems to think things are going to get better any time soon now.
 

As I say, I believe the financials have made their bottom. Valuations are compelling, and the companies’ earnings outlooks have at least begun to stabilize. In particular, in the quarter just past, the inflow of new problem loans began to fall, and the rate at which early-stage delinquencies rolled into later-stage buckets declines. That’s what the beginning of an improvement looks like. Investor anxiety, meanwhile, is at a peak.

Eventually, these small glimmers of improvement will lead to what the bears say they want to see: a decline in problem loans, say, or declining net chargeoffs. The problem is, by the time that happens, the stocks will already have soared. 

Last cycle, smart investors began buying at the first, tentative signs of improvement. That’s what smart investors should be doing now, too.

What do you think? Let me know!


  Add your comment

 

 

pgibbns Posted On 8/9/2008 1:59:43 PM

I like your no nonsense opinion. I also personally agree with your prediction and started buying financials (by buying the UYG) on July 16th. Saying that I think a catalyst is needed in order for the real ramp up to occur. The dollars rise and the associated fall of oil should now give the market the rising tide, which should lift all the boats. The financials just need a shove for them to get back to where they belong. Potential catalysts, in my view, could be: (1) If the monolines (btw I own ABK, that I bought at 1.92) can complete their turnaround and get an upgrade in ratings then this could be the start of write-up's. (2) Increased M&A in the financial sector (E.g. someoe starts buying these undervalued stocks at a premium) (3) House prices go up or a at least stop going down (4) Morgage rates go down I am sure that there will be others. I also noticed that Oppenheimer & Co. analyst Meredith Whitney is on Fortune Magazine’s cover this week. As she is the bear-of-bears on financials I'll take that as a good piece of contrarian evidence that the bottom is in.

DINOSAUR Posted On 8/10/2008 4:57:27 PM

Great article. I am quite certain that you are right. There is a good chance that July 15 will be the date. Either way, the way that you have explained that now is the time to buy makes the case even if there is a bit more down room. The point is that there are many opportunities right now. This is a gift to net savers.

seanheberling Posted On 8/13/2008 8:04:36 AM

Tom, I would be quite curious to see the stock price chart with valuations attached, specifically, price-to-tangible-book. The acquisition frenzy of the past decade has caused quite a discrepancy between p/b and p/tb; I don't believe this was the case during 1990-91. That said, I know there are quite a few regional banks trading at substantial discounts to tbv, and you discussed FHN as an example, but franchise risk among these institutions seems real given the following four observations: 1. Home prices in no way reflect economic value as "assets" given the wide spread between rents and mortgage payments; either rents need to skyrocket (unlikely given supply overhang) or prices need to collapse (likely given reluctance of banks to underwrite -- go try to get a HELOC from Bank of America right now) 2. Unemployment will continue to trend upward, probably at an accelerating rate, until there is a "catalyst" for job creation... war perhaps? 3. Many analysts ascribe "franchise values" to institutions such as FHN based upon their ability to attract deposits. Do you foresee this becoming easier or less competitive in the current environment? 4. Private market investors can start banks at 1x TBV with clean balance sheets. How wide of a discount must an FHN trade to 1x to make the risk worth the while for such an investor? For me, thats 75%... so 25% of TBV. Tom, et al, I think you guys are talented analysts, and I value your feedback. Thanks!

brad123 Posted On 8/14/2008 1:41:39 AM

It's really simple, you either believe that the credit issues will be greater than those priced into bank stocks on July 15 or they will be worse. I think they will be worse. Thus, I believe that we'll retest and perhaps go through the lows of mid-July once the market acknowledges the severity of the issues. When you say that the market will bottom before the fundamentals you're stating the obvious. The question is what the fundamentals will be and when they will bottom. This is where I part with Tom Brown. Of course, I spend a lot of time looking at specific bank credits so perhaps the fact that I'm on the ground watching the crisis unfold gives me a better look under the hood than most.

whitey79us Posted On 8/14/2008 1:42:54 PM

Yes, banking stocks will rebound before fundamental improvements start to flow through the P/Ls, but provisioning within the industry is still rising and rapidly so ($37.1 Billion in Q1 '08 vs. $9.1 Billion in Q4 '07) yet provisioning growth has actually lagged growth in non-current loans. This tells me there is more pain to come. That and JPM's announcement of more write downs as the secondary markets for mortgage paper took a "dramatic turn for the worse" starting in July. I doubt we've seen the lows on the BKX but I expect we will do so at some point later this year.

richalton Posted On 8/14/2008 3:27:54 PM

Unfortunately, the argument you lay out is flawed in two critical ways. First, although masked in fundamentals, your argument is no more reliable than a chartist analyzing technicals. Part of your argument is simply that financial stocks are significantly down, therefore they are cheap. Clearly, this isn't the case as anyone who has averaged down until a company files for bankruptcy can attest. Second and most importantly, comparing the current crisis to that of the early 1990s is like comparing Niagara Falls to Idaho Falls. A rough summation of all the charge-offs from your graph yields total charge-offs of ~$180B over five years. Yet, over a one year period, we have already had $500B in write-offs. This crisis is like nothing we've experienced before, and GDP hasn't even fallen yet. Rest assured that it will as consumers are tapped out and can't access additional credit. There are still prime defaults, massive option ARM resets, credit card defaults, not to mention CMBS and high yield bonds that will also lose value/default as the economy worsens.
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